É mais uma aparente notícia fabulosa da astrobiologia: Richard B. Hoover, cientista da NASA, afirma ter encontrado evidências de vida extraterrestre num meteorito. A Fox News teve o exclusivo da divulgação (o que não augura nada de bom ao nível de notícias de ciência!) e os meios de comunicação social portugueses foram atrás da festa num estilo ligeiramente pior, vinculando a própria NASA à descoberta, algo que não aconteceu (vejam-se os artigos nos jornais i e JN assim como na TSF).
Diga-se antecipadamente que esta notícia tem de ser tratada pela esfera da ciência, tem o seu "tempo de maturação e análise" e, portanto, qualquer tipo de comentário ou conclusão deverá ser, para já, precipitada. Porém, há dois pormenores que devem ser salientados:
1. Os resultados desta investigação foram publicados no Journal of Cosmology, uma publicação com claros problemas de credibilidade científica, algo que o Carlos Oliveira já tinha reparado há meses. Aliás, um dos mais interessantes (do ponto de vista do seu trabalho na área da divulgação científica) astrónomos americanos, Phil Plait, também acentua no seu blogue:
In my opinion, The Journal of Cosmology has published articles in the past that can charitably be called "shaky" (like this anti-Big Bang paper). One of their editors, Chandra Wickramasinghe, has made some pretty outrageous claims about NASA and life in space (links to some of his other odd claims can be found at that page as well). However, this does not necessarily mean that Hoover’s work is any more suspect than any other scientific claim! But it does mean I will cast an especially-skeptical eye on claims made in papers published by them.
Aliás, não sabemos sequer se o Journal of Cosmology estará a operar na clandestinidade (ironia, claro), pois foi o próprio que anunciou a sua morte (a 14 de Fevereiro deste ano), atribuindo culpas irracionais e conspirativas à NASA. Será o último e estrondoso fôlego antes do fim anunciado? A própria linha editorial do seu "editor-chefe" é também posta em causa por David Dobbs aqui.
Coloca-se, portanto, a seguinte questão: este artigo teria sido aprovado pelas revistas científicas "tradicionais"? Passaria a análise céptica e crítica (sim, com as suas falhas, é certo...) dos seus editores?
2. Há dois comentários que gostaria de colocar aqui sobre a questão científica em si; eis o conhecido biólogo P.Z. Myers:
Reading the text, my impression is one of excessive padding. It's a dump of miscellaneous facts about carbonaceous chondrites, not well-honed arguments edited to promote concision or cogency. The figures are annoying; when you skim through them, several will jump out at you as very provocative and looking an awful lot like real bacteria, but then without exception they all turn out to be photos of terrestrial organisms thrown in for reference. The extraterrestrial 'bacteria' all look like random mineral squiggles and bumps on a field full of random squiggles and bumps, and apparently, the authors thought some particular squiggle looked sort of like some photo of a bug. This isn't science, it's pareidolia. They might as well be analyzing Martian satellite photos for pictures that sorta kinda look like artifacts.
Nada meigo, Myers ironiza:
I'm looking forward to the publication next year of the discovery of an extraterrestrial rabbit in a meteor. While they're at it, they might as well throw in a bigfoot print on the surface and chupacabra coprolite from space. All will be about as convincing as this story.
While they're at it, maybe they should try publishing it in a journal with some reputation for rigorous peer review and expectation that the data will meet certain minimal standards of evidence and professionalism.
Otherwise, this work is garbage. I'm surprised anyone is granting it any credibility at all.
I'm looking forward to the publication next year of the discovery of an extraterrestrial rabbit in a meteor. While they're at it, they might as well throw in a bigfoot print on the surface and chupacabra coprolite from space. All will be about as convincing as this story.
While they're at it, maybe they should try publishing it in a journal with some reputation for rigorous peer review and expectation that the data will meet certain minimal standards of evidence and professionalism.
Otherwise, this work is garbage. I'm surprised anyone is granting it any credibility at all.
Por seu lado, Rosie Redfield, uma das biólogas que mais contestou a famosa notícia da bactéria de arsénico, também já se pronunciou sobre este estudo:
He spends a lot of text discussing the morpohlogical similarities of these filaments to cyanobacteria, but I don't regard these similarities as worth anything. Filamentous bacteria are very morphologically diverse, and additional variations in appearance are likely to result from inconsistent preparation for electron microscopy. It's probably pretty easy to find a bacterial image that resembles any fibrous structure. In the absence of any statistical evidence to the contrary, it's prudent to assume that such similarities are purely coincidental.
The author tacks on quite a bit of other less-than-compelling information intended to support his claim that life from space is plausible. For example, he shows photos of colonies of coloured microorganisms to support his argument that the colours seen on the surfaces of Europa and Enceladus are biological in origin.
He spends a lot of text discussing the morpohlogical similarities of these filaments to cyanobacteria, but I don't regard these similarities as worth anything. Filamentous bacteria are very morphologically diverse, and additional variations in appearance are likely to result from inconsistent preparation for electron microscopy. It's probably pretty easy to find a bacterial image that resembles any fibrous structure. In the absence of any statistical evidence to the contrary, it's prudent to assume that such similarities are purely coincidental.
The author tacks on quite a bit of other less-than-compelling information intended to support his claim that life from space is plausible. For example, he shows photos of colonies of coloured microorganisms to support his argument that the colours seen on the surfaces of Europa and Enceladus are biological in origin.
E acrescentou esta pequena nota sobre o editor do Journal of Cosmology:
Chandra Wickramasinghe is the journal's Executive Editor for Astrobiology, and presumably is the Editor responsible for this article. I heard him give a talk pushing panspermia about 10 years ago (the audience was an undergraduate science society at Oxford). The talk was very slick but dreadfully bad as science. The evidence he cited to support his arguments wasn't actually untrue, but he twisted everything to make his arguments seem stronger than they were. He argued like a lawyer - his only goal seemed to be convincing the audience that his conclusion was correct, regardless of the contrary evidence that an unbiased consideration of the evidence would provide. Thus I wouldn't trust his scientific judgment about anything concerning astrobiology.
Chandra Wickramasinghe is the journal's Executive Editor for Astrobiology, and presumably is the Editor responsible for this article. I heard him give a talk pushing panspermia about 10 years ago (the audience was an undergraduate science society at Oxford). The talk was very slick but dreadfully bad as science. The evidence he cited to support his arguments wasn't actually untrue, but he twisted everything to make his arguments seem stronger than they were. He argued like a lawyer - his only goal seemed to be convincing the audience that his conclusion was correct, regardless of the contrary evidence that an unbiased consideration of the evidence would provide. Thus I wouldn't trust his scientific judgment about anything concerning astrobiology.
Estamos, portanto, perante mais um eventual mau serviço à ciência (leia-se, oportunamente, o ponto de vista colocado pelo AstroPT); sublinho a palavra "eventual" pois o Journal of Cosmology prometeu publicar todos os comentários que receber sobre este estudo, permitindo, assim, que haja alguma seriedade no meio da confusão. E, caso se venha a concluir que se trata apenas de um mau trabalho feito em nome da ciência, esperemos que os nossos meios de comunicação social possam entender este episódio de uma maneira didáctica...
4 comentários:
A ironia perde toda a sua eficácia... quando assumida! JCN
Esta da sensacional descoberta da vida extraterrestre num meteorito... deve ser do calibre do propalado encontro de um pré-histórico urso aos pulos, pintado numa rocha algures no concelho de Góis, e um montão de hipogeus fenícios, com mais de dois mil anos, na ilha do Corvo, nos Açores, segundo revelação do imaginativo presidente da APIA, que muito embora pareça, nada tem a ver com abelhas! Vem-me à ideia a verídica históris de um antiquário que gostava de mostrar aos seus clientes um crucifixo do ano 300 antes de Cristo: fui testemunha presencial, em Padrón, na Galiza! JCN
Fora. Ordem de dia.
Litro
Houvera neste dia, que outra,
nem tam além, arava sabedoria,
eis, e na justa, ajusta amostra;
de humana tivera a portaria.
Quem por gentil o fora,
do princípio a certeza opera,
que tanta harmônia é promotora
qual bela natureza a reentera.
Que no bem, e o seja tanto,
a esta magnífica criatura,
vai a melodia e o regenera,
per tam longínquo meu pranto,
de varonil alma, que mo dera,
traga na inteligência a mensura.
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